এই পৃথিবীতে ইহুদীরা একটি অদ্ভুত জাতি যারা জেনে বুঝেও আল্লাহর মোকাবিলা করে আসছে। তারা আল্লাহর রসূলদেরকে আল্লাহর রসূল জেনেও হত্যা করেছে এবং অহংকারে বুক ঠুকে বলেছে, আমরা আল্লাহ রসূলকে হত্যা করেছি। এ জাতির লোকগাঁথায় রয়েছে যে “তাদের পূর্বপূরুষ হযরত ইয়া’কূবের (আ) সাথে আল্লাহ‌ তা’আলার সারা রাত ধরে কুস্তি হয়েছে এবং ভোর পর্যন্ত লড়াই করেও আল্লাহ‌ তা’আলা তাকে পরাস্ত করতে পারেনি। অতঃপর ভোর হয়ে গেলে আল্লাহ‌ তা’আলা তাকে বললেনঃ এখন আমাকে যেতে দাও। এতে ইয়া’কূব (আ) বললেনঃ যতক্ষণ না তুমি আমাকে বরকত দেবে ততক্ষণ আমি তোমাকে যেতে দেব না। আল্লাহ‌ তা’আলা তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেনঃ তোমার নাম কি? তিনি বললেনঃ ইয়া’কূব। আল্লাহ‌ তা’আলা বললেনঃ ভবিষ্যতে তোমার নাম ইয়া’কূব হবে না বরং ‘ইসরাঈল’ হবে। কেননা তুমি খোদা ও মানুষের সাথে শক্তি পরীক্ষা করে বিজয়ী হয়েছো।” দেখুন ইহুদীদের পবিত্র গ্রন্থের (The Holy Scriptures) আধুনিকতম অনুবাদ, প্রকাশক, জুয়িশ পাবলীকেশন সোসাইটি অব আমেরিকা, ১৯৫৪, আদিপুস্তক অধ্যায় ৩২, শ্লোক ২৫ থেকে ২৯। খৃস্টানদের অনুদিত বাইবেলেও এ বিষয়টি একইভাবে বর্ণিত হয়েছে। ইহুদীদের অনুবাদের ফুটনোটে ‘ইসরাঈল ‘শব্দের অর্থ লেখা হয়েছেঃ (He who Striveth with God) অর্থাৎ যিনি খোদার সাথে শক্তি পরীক্ষা করেন । ইনসাইক্লোপেডিয়া অব বাইবেলিকাল লিটারেচারে খৃস্টান পুরোহিতগণ ইসরাঈল শব্দের ব্যাখ্যায় লিখেছেনঃ (Wreslter with God) “খোদার সাথে কুস্তি লড়নেওয়ালা।” হোশেয় পুস্তকে হযরত ইয়াকূবের পরিচয় দিতে গিয়ে বলা হয়েছে,”তিনি তাঁর যৌবনে খোদার সাথে কুস্তি লড়েছেন। তিনি ফেরেশতার সাথে কুস্তি করে বিজয়ী হয়েছেন। “(অধ্যায় ১২, শ্লোক ৪) . (after he "wrestled with the angel" (Genesis 32:28 and 35:10).) অতএব একথা স্পস্ট যে, বনী ইসরাঈলরা মহান সেই ইসরাঈলের বংশধর যার সম্পর্কে তাদের বিশ্বাস হলো, তিনি খোদার সাথে শক্তি পরীক্ষা করেছিলেন এবং তাঁর সাথে কুস্তি লড়েছিলেন। তাই খোদার সাথে মোকাবিলা একথা জেনে বুঝেও খোদার বিরুদ্ধে লড়তে প্রস্তুত হওয়া তাদের জন্য এমন কি আর কঠিন কাজ? এ কারণে তাদের নিজেদের স্বীকারোক্তি অনুসারে তারা আল্লাহর নবীদের হত্যা করেছে এবং একই কারণে তাদের নিজেদের স্বীকারোক্তি অনুসারে তারা আল্লাহর নবীদের হত্যা করেছে এবং একই কারণে তাদের নিজেদের ধারণা অনুসারে তারা হযরত ঈসাকে শূলে চড়িয়েছে এবং বুক ঠুকে বলেছেঃ (إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ) (আমরা আল্লাহর রসূল মাসীহ ‘ঈসা ইবনে মারয়ামকে হত্যা করেছি।)

Genesis 32:28

כח וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו, מַה-שְּׁמֶךָ; וַיֹּאמֶר, יַעֲקֹב.	28 And he said unto him: 'What is thy name?' And he said: 'Jacob.'
כט וַיֹּאמֶר, לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ--כִּי, אִם-יִשְׂרָאֵל: כִּי-שָׂרִיתָ עִם-אֱלֹהִים וְעִם-אֲנָשִׁים, וַתּוּכָל.	29 And he said: 'Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

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israel in wikipedia

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Israel
Pronunciation	/ˈɪzreɪəl, -riəl/ Hebrew: [jisʁaˈʔel]
Gender	Male
Origin
Word/name	Hebrew
Meaning	'God Contended',^[1] 'Wrestles with God',^[2] 'Triumphant with God'^[3]
Other names
Related names	Izzy, Isaac, Rae

Look up Israel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Look up ישראל in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Israel is a Biblical given name. The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‬, Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl) after he "wrestled with the angel" (Genesis 32:28 and 35:10). The given name is already attested in Eblaite (𒅖𒊏𒅋, išrail) and Ugaritic (𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍, yšrʾil).^[4] Commentators differ on the original literal interpretation. The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah "to rule, contend, have power, prevail over" ^[5]: שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים ‬ (KJV: "a prince hast thou power with God"), but modern suggestions read the el as the subject, for a translation of "El/God rules/judges/struggles",^[6] "El fights/struggles".^[7]

In Jewish and Christian texts from the Greco-Egyptian area during Second Temple Judaism and beyond the name was understood to mean "a man seeing God" from the ʾyš (man) rʾh (to see) ʾel (God).^[8]

Jacob's descendants came to be known as the Israelites, eventually forming the tribes of Israel and ultimately the kingdom of Israel, whence came the name of modern-day State of Israel.

In Israel, the name "Israel Israeli" is sometimes used to mean someone whose name is unknown or unspecified.

Israel was a common name among Chaldeans till recent times. A famous Chaldean author is Bishop Israel Audo, famous for authoring a book about the Chaldean Genocide.

In Nazi Germany, male Jews who did not have "typically Jewish" given names were forced to add "Israel" as of January 1939. This decree was revoked by the Allies in 1945.

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About Jacob in wikipedia :

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Jacob
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, by Rembrandt
Information
Children	12 sons (Twelve Tribes of Israel) Dinah (only daughter)
Relatives	Isaac (father) Rebecca (mother) Abraham (grandfather) Sarah (grandmother) Ishmael (uncle) Esau (twin brother) Rachel (cousin, wife) Leah (cousin, wife)

Jacob (/ˈdʒeɪkəb/; Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Modern Ya‘aqōv (help·info), Tiberian Yā‘āqōḇ), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a Patriarchof the Israelites. According to the Book of Genesis, Jacob was the third Hebrew progenitor with whom God made a covenant. He is the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of Abraham, Sarah and Bethuel, the nephew of Ishmael, and the younger twin brother of Esau. Jacob had twelve sons and at least one daughter, by his two wives, Leah and Rachel, and by their handmaidens Bilhah and Zilpah.

Jacob's twelve sons, named in Genesis, were Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin. His only daughter mentioned in Genesis is Dinah. The twelve sons became the progenitors of the "Tribes of Israel".^[1]

Jacob's Dream statue and display on the campus of Abilene Christian University. The artwork is based on Genesis 28:10–22 and graphically represents the scenes alluded to in the hymn "Nearer, My God, to Thee" and the spiritual "We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder" as well as other musical works.

As a result of a severe drought in Canaan, Jacob and his sons moved to Egypt at the time when his son Joseph was viceroy. After 17 years in Egypt, Jacob died, and the length of Jacob's life was 147 years. Joseph carried Jacob's remains to the land of Canaan, and gave him a stately burial in the same Cave of Machpelah as were buried Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebecca, and Jacob's first wife, Leah.

Jacob is mentioned in a number of sacred scriptures, including the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the New Testament, the Quran, hadith, and the Book of Mormon.

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Wreslter with God

Jacob wrestling with the angel

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Gustave Doré, Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1855)

Jacob wrestling with the angel is an episode from Genesis (32:22-32; also referenced in Hosea 12:4). The account includes the renaming of Jacob as Israel (etymologized as "contends-with-God"). The "angel" in question is referred to as "man" (אִישׁ) in Genesis, while Hosea references an "angel" (מַלְאָךְ), but the episode is also often referenced as Jacob's "wrestling with God".^[1]

In the Genesis narrative, Jacob spent the night alone on a riverside during his journey back to Canaan. He encounters a "man" who proceeds to wrestle with him until daybreak. In the end, Jacob is given the name "Israel" and blessed, while the "man" refuses to give his own name. Jacob then names the place where they wrestled Penuel (פְּנוּאֵל "face of God" or "facing God"^[2]).

Biblical text[edit]

The Masoretic text reads as follows:

The same night he arose and took his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven children, and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. He took them and sent them across the stream, and everything else that he had. And Jacob was left alone. And a man wrestled with him until the breaking of the day. When the man saw that he did not prevail against Jacob, he touched his hip socket, and Jacob's hip was put out of joint as he wrestled with him. Then he said, “Let me go, for the day has broken.” But Jacob said, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.” And he said to him, “What is your name?” And he said, “Jacob.” Then he said, “Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven with God and with men, and have prevailed.” Then Jacob asked him, “Please tell me your name.” But he said, “Why is it that you ask my name?” And there he blessed him. So Jacob called the name of the place Peniel, saying, “For I have seen God face to face, and yet my life has been delivered.” The sun rose upon him as he passed Penuel, limping because of his hip. Therefore to this day the people of Israel do not eat the sinew of the thigh that is on the hip socket, because he touched the socket of Jacob's hip on the sinew of the thigh.

— Genesis 32:22-32

The account contains several plays on the meaning of Hebrew names — Peniel (or Peniel), Israel — as well as similarity to the root of Jacob's name (which sounds like the Hebrew for "heel") and its compound.^[3] The limping of Jacob (Yaʿaqob ), may mirror the name of the river, Jabbok (Yabbok יַבֹּק sounds like "crooked" river), and Nahmanides (Deut. 2:10 of Jeshurun) gives the etymology "one who walks crookedly" for the name Jacob.^[4]

The Hebrew text states that it is a "man" (אִישׁ, LXX ἄνθρωπος, Vulgate vir) with whom Jacob wrestles, but later this "man" is identified with God (Elohim) by Jacob.^[5] Hosea 12:4 furthermore references an "angel" (malak). Following this, the Targum of Onkelos offers "because I have seen the Angel of the Lord face to face", and the Targum of Palestine gives "because I have seen the Angels of the Lord face to face".^[6]

Interpretations[edit]

The identity of Jacob's wrestling opponent is a matter of debate,^[7] named variously as a dream figure, a prophetic vision, an angel (such as Michael and Samael), a protective river spirit, Jesus, or God.^[8]

Jewish interpretations[edit]

In Hosea 12:4, Jacob's opponent is described as malakh "angel": "Yes, he had power over the angel, and prevailed: he wept, and made supplication to him: he found him in Bethel, and there he spoke with us;". The relative age of the text of Genesis and of Hosea is unclear, as both are part of the Hebrew Bible as redacted in the Second Temple Period, and it has been suggested that malakh may be a late emendation of the text, and would as such represent an early Jewish interpretation of the episode.^[9]

Maimonides believed that the incident was "a vision of prophecy",^[10] while Rashi believed Jacob wrestled with the guardian angel of Esau (identified as Samael),^[11] his elder twin brother.^[12] Zvi Kolitz (1993) referred to Jacob "wrestling with God".^[13]

As a result of the hip injury Jacob suffered while wrestling, Jews are prohibited from eating the meat tendon attached to the hip socket (sciatic tendon),^[14]^[15]^[16] as mentioned in the account at Genesis 32:32.^[17]

Christian interpretations[edit]

The interpretation that "Jacob wrestled with God" (glossed in the name Isra-'el) is common in Protestant theology, endorsed by both Martin Luther and John Calvin (although Calvin believed the event was "only a vision"),^[10] as well as later writers such as Joseph Barker (1854)^[18] or Peter L. Berger (2014).^[19] Other commentaries treat the expression of Jacob's having seen "God face to face" as referencing the Angel of the Lord as the "Face of God".^[20]

The proximity of the terms "man" and "God" in the text in some Christian commentaries has also been taken as suggestive of a Christophany. J. Douglas MacMillan (1991) suggests that the angel with whom Jacob wrestles is a "pre-incarnation appearance of Christ in the form of a man."^[21]

According to one Christian commentary of the Bible incident described, "Jacob said, 'I saw God face to face'. Jacob's remark does not necessarily mean that the 'man' with whom he wrestled is God. Rather, as with other, similar statements, when one saw the 'angel of the Lord,' it was appropriate to claim to have seen the face of God."^[20]

Muslim interpretation[edit]

This story is not mentioned in the Quran, but is discussed in Muslim commentaries.^[22]^[23] The commentaries employ the story in explaining other events in the Hebrew Bible that are discussed in the Quran that have parallels, like Moses being attacked by an angel,^[24] and to explain Jewish eating customs.^[22]^[25] Like some Jewish commentators, Islamic commentators described the event as punishment for Jacob failing to give tithes to God but making an offering like a tithe to Esau.^[24]

Other views[edit]

In an analysis of Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch's 1968 book Atheism in Christianity, Roland Boer says that Bloch sees the incident as falling into the category of "myth, or at least legend". Boer calls this an example of "a bloodthirsty, vengeful God ... outdone by cunning human beings keen to avoid his fury".^[26]

The wrestling incident on the bank of a stream has been compared to the Greek mythology stories of Achilles' duel with the river god Scamander^[27] and with Menelaus wrestling with the sea-god Proteus.^[28] It is also claimed the wrestling incident, along with other Old Testament stories of the Jewish Patriarchs, is based on Akhenaten-linked Egyptian mythology, where Jacob is Osiris/Wizzer, Esau is Set, and the wrestling match is the struggle between them.^[29]

According to popular author Rosemary Ellen Guiley, "This dramatic scene has spurred much commentary from Judaic, Catholic, and Protestant theologians, biblical scholars, and literary critics. Does Jacob wrestle with God or with an angel?...There is no definitive answer, but the story has been rationalized, romanticized, treated as myth, and treated symbolically."^[30]

In arts[edit]

Visual arts[edit]

One of the oldest visual depictions is in the illustrated manuscript the Vienna Genesis.^[31] Many artists have depicted the scene. In sculpture Jacob Wrestling with the Angel is the subject of a 1940 sculpture by Sir Jacob Epstein on display at the Tate Britain.^[32] Paintings include: